ABSTRACT
The World Health Organization, defines health literacy as cognitive and social skills increasing the motivation and ability of individuals to acquire information to promote and maintain their health (Tugut et al., 2021). Nowadays, food literacy, as a subset of health literacy are receiving serious attention worldwide (Vamos et al., 2021). Food literacy has been defined as a vital element in improving food insecurity and increasing food knowledge and skills with the aim of improving healthy eating behavior, which leads to reducing food hygiene inequalities (Steils and Obaidalahe, 2020). © 2023, Journal of Nutrition and Food Security. All Rights Reserved.
ABSTRACT
Background: Hospitals are one of the primary resources for disease transmission, so many guidelines were published, and neuro-surgeons were advised to postpone elective spine surgeries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective(s): To avoid pulmonary complications and reduce the risk of spreading the virus and contracting the disease during the COVID-19 era, we operated a group of our patients under spinal anesthesia rather than general anesthesia. Method(s): We retrospectively analyzed all patients who underwent discectomy surgery for lumbar spinal disc herniation under SA between September 2020 and 2021. Result(s): Sixty-four patients diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation underwent lumbar discectomy with SA. All patients except three were male. The mean age was 44.52 +/- 7.95 years (28 to 64 years). The mean procedure time for SA was 10 minutes. The duration of the surgery was 40 to 90 minutes per each level of disc herniation. The mean blood loss was 350 cc (200 to 600 cc). The most common involved level was L4/L5 intervertebral disc (n = 40 patients;63.5%). The mean recovery time was 20 minutes. Only three patients requested more analgesics for relief of their pain postoperatively. All patients with discectomy were discharged a day after surgery, and in the case of fusion, two days after surgery. All the patients were followed up for six months, showing no recurrence symptoms, good pain relief, satisfaction with the surgery, and no bad memory of the surgery. Conclusion(s): Spinal anesthesia is a good alternative or even the main anesthesia route for patients with lumbar disc herniation. More studies are needed to elucidate the best candidate for SA in patients with lumbar pathology.Copyright © 2023, Author(s).
ABSTRACT
Background & Aims: Along with laboratory testing, chest CT scans may be helpful to diagnose COVID-19 in individuals with a high clinical suspicion of infection. Due to their availability and rapid turnaround time, the role of chest computed tomography (CT) scan is growing for early diagnosis of patients with COVID-19. However, due to the low efficiency of viral nucleic acid detection as well as low specificity of chest CT scan for detecting COVID-19 pneumonia, this method shows incomplete clinical performance for proper COVID-19 disease diagnosis. Due to the highly contagious nature of the Coronavirus 2019 and the importance of early detection of the disease, a limited number of nucleic acid test kits, such as rRT-PCR and the possibility of false-negative rRT-PCR results, chest CT scan as a non-invasive method, it can be a highly accurate tool for early detection of suspected COVID-19 cases. The purpose of this study was the Interpretation of chest CT scan of patints with COVID-19 in Imam Khomeini Hospital of Jiroft University of Medical Sciences from December to March 2019 Methods: This research is a retrospective study that was conducted with the aim of interpreting CT scans of the chest in patients with covid-19 in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences from March 2018 to June 2019. After obtaining permission from the ethics committee of the university, the researcher appeared in the research environment according to the pre-determined schedule for sampling. The desired data were extracted from the patients' files and recorded in a questionnaire form that was designed for this purpose. The criteria for entering the study included cases whose demographic information, clinical and laboratory data were complete and the positive PCR test along with chest CT imaging findings were available in the file, the exclusion criterion was the presence of low quality chest images. The data were extracted from the hospital information system based on clinical electronic medical records. including demographic information including age, sex, level of education and data related to the underlying disease, disease symptoms (cough, fever, phlegm, shortness of breath, chest pain, etc.) and the frequency of imaging findings in the chest CT scan that They were examined and evaluated according to age, gender, level of education, clinical symptoms, underlying disease and based on lymphopenia and lymphocytosis. and chest CT scan report of patients with COVID-19, which was available in the PACS system of this hospital, were evaluated. In this way, all the CT images of the chest by a radiologist as well as a lung specialist who were not aware of the clinical and laboratory data of the patients, in terms of the types of findings include, Patchy ground glass opcification, diffuse ground glass opacification, Air space opacity, Consolidation, pleural effusion, Atelectasis, Bronchiectasis, Fibrotic change, Cavitation, Lymphadenopathy. And the distribution of conflict was investigated as peripheral, central, bilateral, and unilateral. Results: The highest number of people with Covid-19 were in the age range of 30 to 59 years and men. In CT scan findings, the highest CT scan imaging findings as well as the highest mortality rate in patients were PGGO view (63.3%) and peripheral and bilateral involvement and the lowest frequency was related to Cavitation findings. In the examination of CT scan findings, PGGO and peripheral and bilateral involvement were the most frequent and Cavitation was the least frequent. Also, the findings of PGGO, Peripheral and Bilateral in the CT scan of the people who died had the highest frequency. In none of the imaging findings of the chest scan, there was no statistically significant relationship with the level of education, the level of education and death of patients due to COVID-19. There was no significant difference between gender and the findings of PGGO and Cavitation and peripheral involvement and Bilateral, but between the findings of DGGO and gender and there was a significant relationsh
ABSTRACT
Background: The ongoing outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major challenge for mental health care systems and causes and exacerbates mental anxiety. Objective(s): This study sought to investigate the coping styles of stress in families and relatives of COVID-19 patients in the south of Iran, according to Lazarus and Folkman's Transactional theory of Stress coping model. Method(s): The present cross-sectional study was performed in the period from March 5 to July 5, 2020. Data collection was done electronically using a standard questionnaire on Lazarus and Folkman's coping methods. Finally, the output data of the electronic questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Result(s): A total of 276 people participated in the present study. There was a statistically significant difference between age and all emotion-oriented coping style domains (P <0.05), except planful problem solving (P = 0.817) and positive reappraisal (P = 0.153). The results of the present study showed that from the emotion-oriented coping, the domain of self-controlling (%55.9) received an unfavorable score, but in the problem-oriented coping (60.02%), the two domains of social support (%71.27) and positive reappraisal (70%) obtained scores above 50%. Conclusion(s): Families and relatives need help to improve coping with stress in the area of self-controlling. The results of the present study showed that emotion-oriented coping (self-controlling) had less effect on family stress than problem-oriented coping (domains of social support and positive reappraisal). Also, with domains of social support and positive reappraisal, the stress in the families was reduced. Factors influencing coping styles were age, literacy, source of information, and underlying disease. Since the COVID-19 pandemic condition is a unique stressful situation, it is necessary to implement psychological and educational interventions to gain the ability to control stress, especially in relatives with COVID-19. Copyright © 2022 Faryabi et al.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Accurate diagnosis of the COVID-19 disease is important. Currently, chest computed tomography (CT) and reverse polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) are being used for the diagnosis of the COVID-19 disease. This study was performed to evaluate the Chest computed tomography (CT) diagnostic value in comparison with the RT-PCR method among COVID-19 patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on suspected cases of COVID-19 in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Jiroft, Iran. Studied patients were evaluated via both a chest CT scan and nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Data was collected using a self-administered checklist, including demographic information, medical history, and symptoms of COVID-19, chest CT scan, and RT-PCR findings. Data were analyzed using SPSS-V21. Results: One thousand and ninety (1090) cases participated in the study;the mean age of the cases of COVID-19 was 48.20± 7.31 years old. The results of the RT-PCR test were 410 (37.6%) positive and 680 (62.4%) negative cases. According to the results of RT-PCR, which is the gold standard method, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive values of chest CT were 98.5%. (99.4-96.8 CI: 95%), 55.7% (59.5 – 51.9 CI: 95%), 71.5% (74.4-69.0 CI: 95%), 57.3% (60.9 – 53.5 CI: 95%), and 98.4% (99.4%-99.6 CI: 95%), respectively. Discussion: The results of the present study showed that a chest CT scan is highly sensitive for the diagnosis of the COVID-19 disease. Therefore, it can be used as a suitable method for screening and early detection, which requires knowledge of its common radiologic patterns. However, the results showed that the use of this method has low specificity, so it cannot be used for definitive diagnosis and should be used as a complementary method concomitant to the RT-PCR test. © 2022 Razzaghi et al.
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: The widespread prevalence of new coronavirus (COVID-19) worldwide can lead to many mental disorders. COVID-19 Care Frontline Staff, are one of the groups most strongly affected by the mental disorders caused by this disease. This study aimed to assess the correlation between the level of depressive disorder and quality of life in employees working in Covid-19 reference hospital in 2020.
ABSTRACT
Background & Objective: The behavior of COVID-19, clinical symptoms, and mortality rate are not the same in different regions. Due to lack of knowledge about the cited issues, we aimed to investigate the clinical symptoms, case fatality rate, and some risk factors of COVID-19. Materials & Methods: This longitudinal study was started from the late February 2020 and lasted to the mid-July 2020 in Jiroft, Kerman province, Iran. The course of the disease, clinical signs and symptoms, underlying diseases, patients' exposure history, travel history, adherence to health instructions, and the fatality rate of the disease were evaluated in the patients. The descriptive statistics and frequency were analyzed in different groups using IBM SPSS statistics version 20. Results: In this study, 2977 definitive cases of COVID-19 were detected using RT-PCR test. The frequent clinical symptoms were fever (45.2%), body aches and bruises (38.8%), and cough (36.4%), respectively. The fatality rate of the disease was 4%. Evaluation of the patients’ exposure history showed that almost 50% of the cases had no exposure. Among the studied individuals, 33% had the history of exposure to a definite COVID-19 case. Conclusion: Personal hygiene, social distancing, and use of face mask are of great importance in reducing the disease morbidity and mortality. Public awareness about COVID-19 should also be increased, especially in the elderly individuals with the history of underlying and chronic diseases. © 2021, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services. All rights reserved.